I-Olyvinyl chloride, eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi i-PVC, iyi-polymer yokwenziwa ekhiqizwa kakhulu yesithathu, ngemuva kwe-polyethylene ne-polypropylene.I-PVC iyingxenye yochungechunge lwama-vinyls, ahlanganisa i-EDC ne-VCM.Amamaki e-PVC resin angasetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokusebenza eziqinile neziguquguqukayo;i-rigid ihlezi ingumthengi ovelele, kodwa ezingxenyeni ezimbili ziqondaniswe eduze.Iningi le-PVC eqinile isetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yokwakha ukuze kwenziwe amapayipi kanye nezinto ezifakwayo ezifana nepayipi le-drain-waste-vent (DWV), ipayipi lendle, ipayipi lamanzi, ipayipi (elikagesi, ezokuxhumana), kanye namapayipi okunisela.Amamaki aqinile e-PVC akhona futhi ezimakethe zezakhiwo nezezindlu zokufaka izicelo zephrofayili njengeminyango, amafreyimu amafasitela, uthango, ukuhlobisa, amathayela we-vinyl kanokusho.Ivolumu encane kakhulu ye-PVC eqinile yenzelwe amabhodlela, amanye amaphakheji angewona ukudla, namakhadi esikweletu.I-PVC resin ingasetshenziswa ekusetshenzisweni okuguquguqukayo ngokufaka ama-plasticizers.Kuleli fomu, iphinde isetshenziselwe ukuvala ucingo nekhebula, isikhumba sokulingisa, izimpawu, imikhiqizo ephefumulayo, ulwelwesi olunophahla, kanye nezinhlelo eziningi lapho ithatha indawo yenjoloba.Le nzuzo eguquguqukayo, kanye nezimfanelo ezinjengokuqina, ukungashi, ukumelana namakhemikhali namafutha, ukuzinza kwemishini, nokulula kokucubungula nokubumba, kubonisa ukuthi i-PVC isalokhu iyinketho yokuncintisana nekhangayo yezicelo eziningi zokwakha nengqalasizinda, ezolimo, imikhiqizo kagesi. , kanye nezimboni zezempilo.Ngakho-ke, i-PVC izohlala iyi-thermoplastic ebalulekile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Njengoba imboni yezokwakha idlala indima ebalulekile emakethe ye-PVC, isidingo se-PVC sihambisana kakhulu nokukhula kwe-GDP yomhlaba wonke kanye nokuthuthukiswa komnotho.Ukusetshenziswa okuqinile kwe-PVC kuvame ukugxila kakhulu kwezomnotho ezisathuthuka e-Asia, njengezwekazi laseChina, i-India, iPakistan, iVietnam, ne-Indonesia.Abashayeli abavamile bokusetshenziswa kwe-PVC ezindaweni ezidingeka kakhulu bahlanganisa isizinda esikhulu sabantu esinesimo sezombusazwe esizinzile esadinga ukuchithwa kwemali okukhulu nengqalasizinda.Esinye isici ubukhulu nesigaba sokuthuthuka komkhakha wezolimo wakuleli.I-India, ngokwesibonelo, idinga amasistimu abalulekile wokunisela amapulazi ayo, inesidingo esikhulu, esimeme samapayipi nokufakwa kwe-PVC.Sekukonke, amazinga okukhula azothambekela ekubeni anesizotha kwezomnotho ezithuthukile njengoba izakhiwo kanye nengqalasizinda eyisisekelo sezisunguliwe.
Ishadi likaphayi elilandelayo libonisa ukusetshenziswa komhlaba wonke kwe-PVC:
Imboni yama-vinyls iwumkhakha ovuthiwe onomlando omude.Ubuchwepheshe, umthamo wokukhiqiza, izinyawo zemvelo, kanye nezindleko, kuye kwaba ngcono ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngokuthuthukiswa kokuphepha nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo.Ukuqamba okusha kwezobuchwepheshe kuyaqhubeka ukwenzeka futhi kugxile kakhulu ekuncintisaneni kwezindleko, njengoba ukukhiqizwa kwe-vinyl kuyibhizinisi lomhlaba wonke, futhi abakhiqizi kufanele bancintisane phakathi kwezifunda zabo nasemhlabeni wonke.
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-PVC kuvame ukususelwa ku-ethylene feedstock, ngaphandle kwase-Mainland China, lapho i-acetylene feedstock ibusa khona.Enqubweni ye-ethylene, i-EDC ikhiqizwa nge-chlorination eqondile kusuka ku-chlorine ne-ethylene.Esinyathelweni sakamuva, iyaqhekeka ukuze ikhiqize i-VCM.Ukukhiqizwa kwe-VCM kuphinde kubangele ukukhululwa kwe-hydrogen chloride yomkhiqizo, evame ukugaywa kabusha ukuze kukhiqizwe i-EDC eyengeziwe nge-oxychlorination nge-ethylene eyengeziwe.I-VCM ibe i-polymerized ukuze ikhiqize i-PVC.Enqubweni ye-acetylene, noma kunjalo, akukho sinyathelo se-EDC esihilelekile;esikhundleni salokho, i-VCM ikhiqizwa ngokuqondile ku-acetylene.I-Mainland China manje isiwukuphela kwemakethe enezindawo ezinkulu ze-PVC ezisekelwe e-acetylene;nokho, ngenxa yesilinganiso semboni yezwe laseShayina, umzila we-acetylene usabala ingxenye enkulu yomthamo we-PVC womhlaba wonke.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-07-2022