izindaba

I-Low density polyethylene (LDPE)i-polymerized ethylene njenge-polymerization monomer, i-peroxide njengesiqalo, inhlaka ye-thermoplastic etholwe ngokusabela kwe-polymerization yamahhala, isisindo samangqamuzana ngokuvamile singu-100000 ~ 500000, ukuminyana kungu-0.91~0.93g/cm3, iwuhlobo olulula kakhulu lwe-polyethylene resin .

Inokuthamba okuhle, ukunwebeka, ukwahlukanisa ugesi, ukukhanya, ukucubungula kalula kanye nokungena komoya okuthile.Ukuzinza okuhle kwamakhemikhali, ukumelana ne-alkali, ukumelana nezinyibilikisi ezijwayelekile ze-organic, kunokusetshenziswa okubanzi, okuhlanganisa ukumbozwa kwe-extrusion, ifilimu yokushaywa, intambo yocingo nekhebula, ukubumba komjovo kanye nokubumba ukubumba okungenalutho, njll.

Ngenxa yempilo emfushane yama-radicals mahhala akhiqizwa umqalisi, i-ethylene icindezelwa kakhulu ngokunyusa ingcindezi yokusabela (110 ~ 350MPa), ukuze ukuminyana kwayo kukhuphuke kube ngu-0.5g/cm3, okufana noketshezi olungakwazi. zicindezelwe futhi.Ukuze unciphise isikhala se-ethylene yamangqamuzana futhi kwandiswe amathuba okushayisana phakathi kwama-radicals mahhala noma amaketanga akhulayo asebenzayo nama-molecule e-ethylene, ukusabela kwe-polymerization yamahhala ye-radical kuyenziwa.I-polyethylene ene-low density ikhiqizwa, ngakho-ke i-polyethylene ephansi kakhulu ibizwa nangokuthi i-polyethylene yokucindezela okuphansi.

Inqubo yokukhiqiza i-polyethylene ephansi kwabantu

Inqubo yokukhiqiza ye-polyethylene ephansi kakhulu ihlanganisa ukucindezelwa kwezigaba ezimbili ze-ethylene, umjovo we-initiator kanye nomlawuli, uhlelo lokusabela kwe-polymerization, ukuhlukaniswa kwengcindezi ephezulu nephansi kanye nohlelo lokubuyisela, i-extrusion granulation kanye nesistimu yokwelashwa ngemva kokwelashwa, njll.

Ngokusho kohlobo oluhlukile lwe-reactor, ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili: indlela yeshubhu yokucindezela okuphezulu kanye nendlela ye-autoclave.

Inqubo ye-tubular kanye nenqubo ye-kettle inezici zayo siqu: i-reactor ye-tubular inesakhiwo esilula, ukukhiqiza okulula nokugcinwa, futhi ingakwazi ukumelana nokucindezela okuphezulu;Isakhiwo se-reactor siyinkimbinkimbi, futhi ukugcinwa nokufakwa kunzima kakhulu.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umthamo we-reactor uvame ukuba mncane ngenxa yomthamo olinganiselwe wokukhipha ukushisa.

Ngokuvamile, indlela yeshubhu isetshenziselwa ukufakwa kwezinga elikhulu, kuyilapho indlela yeketela isetshenziselwa ukufakwa okukhiqiza imikhiqizo ephezulu ye-value-added efana ne-EVA yebanga elikhethekile kanye nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-vinyl acetate.

Ngenxa yezici zezinqubo ezihlukene, indlela yeketela inamaketanga anamagatsha amaningi namandla omthelela angcono, afanelekela i-resin yokugqoka ekhishwayo.Indlela yeshubhu inokusabalalisa kwesisindo samangqamuzana abanzi, iketango elinegatsha elincane kanye nempahla enhle yokubona, elungele ukucutshungulwa ibe amafilimu amancane.

I-high pressure tube indlela yobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza i-polyethylene ephansi

Ububanzi bangaphakathi be-reactor yeshubhu ngokuvamile bungu-25 ~ 82mm, ubude bungu-0.5 ~ 1.5km, i-aspect ratio inkulu kuno-10000:1, ububanzi bangaphandle kuya ku-diameter ratio ngokuvamile abukho ngaphansi kuka-2mm, futhi ibhantshi lamanzi esetshenziselwa ukususa ingxenye yokushisa kokusabela.

Kuze kube manje, ipayipi cishe liyindlela efanayo yokucubungula ukugeleza okuyisisekelo, ukwamukelwa kwephoyinti elihlukile lokuphakelayo kwe-reactor, isilawuli sesisindo samangqamuzana ahlukene, isiqalisi nendawo yomjovo waso, nezindlela ezihlukene zokujova umanyolo, ukucutshungulwa komkhiqizo, inani lokubuya i-ethylene futhi ithumela indawo, yakhe izici ezihlukene zenqubo.

Njengamanje, ubuchwepheshe benqubo ye-tubular evuthiwe ikakhulukazi buhlanganisa inqubo ye-LyondellBasell's Lupotech T, inqubo yeshubhu ye-Exxon Mobil kanye nenqubo ye-CTR ye-DSM.

Inqubo ye-Lupotech T

Inqubo ye-LyondellBasell Lupotech T isetshenziselwa cishe u-60% womthamo wokukhiqiza wasekhaya wezitshalo ze-polyethylene eziphansi.Ingcindezi yokusabela 260 ~ 310MPa, izinga lokushisa lokusabela 160 ~ 330 ℃, izinga lokuguqulwa kwendlela eyodwa lika-35%, ukuminyana komkhiqizo 0.915 ~ 0.935g/cm3, inkomba yokuncibilika 0.15 ~ 50g/10min, umthamo wokukhiqiza umugqa owodwa 45× 104T/A, inqubo inezici ezinhlanu zobuchwepheshe:

(1) Ubuchwepheshe be-Pulse reactor bamukelwa ukuze kubonakale ukuvulwa kwe-valve, ubude besikhathi sokuvula i-valve kanye nobuningi bokushintsha ekugcineni kwe-reactor.Ukusebenza kwe-Pulse kungathuthukisa umphumela wokuxuba ku-reactor, ukuzinza okuhle kokusabela, izinga eliphezulu lokuguqulwa, ukunciphisa ukunamathela odongeni lwe-reactor, kuthuthukise i-coefficient yokudlulisa ukushisa, nomphumela ongcono wokukhipha ukushisa wamanzi wejakhethi;

(2) Ama-peroxide ajovwe ezindaweni ezihlukene ze-reactor ezindaweni ezine ukuze enze izingxenye ezine zendawo yokusabela;

(3) Nge-propylene, i-propanaldehyde njengesilawuli sesisindo samangqamuzana, esethulwe nge-compressor inlet, ene-ethylene ku-reactor, ububanzi bomkhiqizo;

(4) I-high-pressure circulating gas system ingakwazi ukubona ukuzihlanza, ukuhlakazeka kanye nokusebenza kwe-dewaxing ngokusebenzisa ukulawula okulandelanayo, ukunciphisa umthelela ekusebenzeni okuvamile kokukhiqiza;

(5) Misa uhlelo lwesiteshi samanzi ashisayo ukuze kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi okupholisa, futhi kubuyiselwe ukushisa kwe-polymerization reaction kanye nesistimu yegesi ezungeza umfutho ophezulu kwezinye izinto.

Inqubo ye-tubular ye-Exxon Mobil

Ingcindezi yokusabela yenqubo ye-Exxon Mobil tube ingu-250 ~ 310MPa, izinga lokushisa lokusabela liyi-215 ~ 310 ℃, izinga lokuguqulwa lifika ku-40%, ukuminyana komkhiqizo ngu-0.918 ~ 0.934g/cm3, inkomba yokuncibilika ingu-0.2~50g/ (10min), futhi umthamo wokukhiqiza umugqa owodwa ungama-50×104T/A.Inqubo inezici zobuchwepheshe eziyisithupha:

(1) I-push flow tube reactor evundlile iyamukelwa, futhi ububanzi be-reactor bunwetshwa isinyathelo ngesinyathelo eduze kwe-axial ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinga lokugeleza kwegesi kanye nokwehla kwengcindezi ye-reactor.Khulisa ukuzinza kokusabela, ukunciphisa ukusabela kokubola, ukunciphisa isikali ngaphakathi kwe-reactor, thuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokudlulisa ukushisa kwe-reactor;

(2) Isiqalisi sijovwa ngokuhambisana ne-axial direction ye-reactor, engakha izindawo zokusabela ezingu-4~6, ithuthukise izinga lokuguqulwa kanye nokuguquguquka kokusebenza, kanye nobubanzi bomkhiqizo obanzi;

(3) Ngokuvamile sebenzisa i-propylene njengesilawuli ukulawula inkomba yokuncibilika, ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo ephakathi nendawo kusetshenziswa i-propanaldehyde njengesilawuli, isilawuli ngokusebenzisa iphampu ye-diaphragm enengcindezi ephezulu ejovwe endaweni yokufaka i-compressor kabili, bese kuba nge-ethylene ku-reactor;

(4) kusetshenziswa i-hot tubular reactor ye-ethylene vinyl feed front feed and cold multipoint feeding inhlanganisela ye-lateral, iyunifomu yokukhululwa kokushisa futhi ingase ibe nomthelela wokukhipha ukushisa kokusabela, i-reactor ithuthukise umthwalo wokupholisa ofakwe ibhantshi, yehlise ubude be-reactor. , futhi wenze ukusabalalisa kwezinga lokushisa kwe-reactor ngendlela ebushelelezi, thuthukisa izinga lokuguqulwa kwe-ethylene.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yokuphakelayo okuseceleni kwamaphuzu amaningi, inani lokuphakelayo kwe-ethylene elishisayo eliya phambili le-reactor liyancishiswa, umthwalo wokushisa we-reheater inlet preheater uyancishiswa, futhi ukusetshenziswa komfutho ophezulu kanye nesitimu somfutho ophakathi kuyancishiswa.

(5) Izinga lokushisa elivaliwe elilawula uhlelo lwamanzi lisetshenziselwa ukuhlinzeka ngamanzi kubhantshi le-reactor ukususa ukushisa okusabelayo.Ngokulungiselela izinga lokushisa lokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi lamanzi ejazi, ukusebenza kahle kokudlulisa ukushisa kuyathuthukiswa, ubude be-reactor bufinyeziwe, futhi izinga lokuguqulwa liyakhula;

(6) Ukutholwa kanye nokusetshenziswa komfutho ophezulu kanye namandla oketshezi okushisa aphezulu akhishwe phezulu kwesihlukanisi somfutho ophezulu.

Inqubo ye-CTR

Ingcindezi yokusabela kwenqubo ye-DSM CTR ingu-200 ~ 250MPa, izinga lokushisa lokuphendula lingu-160~290℃, izinga lokuguqulwa lingu-28%~33.1%, umkhawulo ungafinyelela ku-38%, ukuminyana komkhiqizo ngu-0.919~0.928g/cm3, inkomba yokuncibilika ingu-0.3~65g / (10min), Umthamo omkhulu wentambo eyodwa ungafinyelela ku-40× 104T/A.Inqubo inezici ezinhlanu zobuchwepheshe:

(1) Ngokusebenzisa ukusebenza okungeyona i-pulse, ingcindezi yokusebenza kwe-reactor iphansi futhi ihlala njalo, izinga lokugeleza ku-reactor liphezulu, linomphumela omuhle wokuhlikihla, alikhiqizi into yokunamathela odongeni, i-reactor ayidingi ukuhlanzwa nokwehliswa, futhi kunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza;

(2) Ububanzi bepayipi le-reactor bugcinwa bunjalo, umgomo oqondile “wokudlula okukodwa” uyamukelwa, alukho uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi lokuphakela umugqa oseceleni, i-reactor kanye nomklamo wokusekela kulula, futhi ukutshalwa kwezimali kuphansi;

(3) ibhantshi le-reactor lipholiswa ngamanzi abandayo, angakhiqiza isitimu ngomkhiqizo;

(4) Ukusetshenziswa kwe-peroxide initiator, ukwakheka kwejeli yomkhiqizo kuncane, akukho zinsalela ze-catalyst, umphumela wokuvikela imvelo muhle;Kwakhiqizwa ama-oligomers amancane, futhi inqubo yokugaywa kabusha kwegesi ejikelezayo yenziwa yaba lula.

(5) Izimo ezinhle zokusebenza kanye nokungaguquguquki kwengcindezi ngesikhathi se-polymerization zenza imikhiqizo ibe sezingeni eliphezulu, ikakhulukazi imikhiqizo yefilimu, enezici ezinhle kakhulu zokubona kanye nezici zokucubungula, ingakhiqiza ubuncane befilimu obugqinsi bemikhiqizo yefilimu engu-10μm, kodwa ububanzi bomkhiqizo buncane, ayikwazi ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo ye-copolymer (EVA) ene-low melt index.

Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza be-polyethylene esezingeni eliphansi ngendlela ye-autoclave

Inqubo ye-autoclave isebenzisa i-reactor ye-tank enesistimu eshukumisayo, i-aspect ratio ingaba kusuka ku-2: 1 kuya ku-20: 1, umthamo we-tank reactor ngu-0.75 ~ 3m3.Izinga lokushisa lokusabela ngokuvamile liyi-150 ~ 300 ℃, ingcindezi yokusabela ngokuvamile i-130 ~ 200MPa, izinga lokuguqulwa ngu-15% ~ 21%.

Njengoba i-reactor yeketela ingumkhumbi onezindonga eziwugqinsi, ukudluliswa kokushisa odongeni lwe-reactor kuvinjelwe kakhulu kune-reactor ye-tubular, ngakho-ke ukusabela kuyinqubo ye-adiabatic, futhi akukho ukushisa okusobala okukhishwa ku-reactor.Izinga lokushisa lokusabela lilawulwa ngokuyinhloko ngomjovo wamaphuzu amaningi wokuphakelayo kwe-ethylene ebandayo ukulinganisa ukushisa okusabelayo.I-reactor ifakwe i-stirrer eqhutshwa yi-motor ukwenza ingxube ngeyunifomu ye-reactor futhi igweme izindawo ezishisayo zendawo.Umqalisi yi-organic peroxide, engajovwa ezindaweni ezihlukene eduze kwe-axial ye-reactor ukuze yakhe izingxenye zokusabela eziningi ezinamazinga okushisa ahlukene okusebenza.Akukho ukuxubana phakathi kwezigaba zokusabela, ukusebenza okuguquguqukayo kanye nobubanzi bomkhiqizo obanzi, okungakhiqiza i-copolymerized EVA enokuqukethwe kwe-vinyl acetate kufika ku-40%.

Inqubo yeLupotech A

Inqubo ye-Lupotech A isebenzisa I-reactor yethangi elinyakaziswayo, umthamo we-reactor ngu-1.2m3, izinto ezingavuthiwe kanye ne-initiator kufakwa ku-reactor ngamaphoyinti amaningi, ingcindezi yokusabela ingu-210 ~ 246MPa, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu lokuphendula lingu-285 ℃, isilawuli yi-propylene noma i-propane, engezwe yi-secondary compressor inlet, ingakhiqiza Izinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo ye-LDPE/EVA, Ubuningi bomkhiqizo ngu-0.912 ~ 0.951g/cm3, inkomba yokuncibilika ingu-0.2~800g/ (10min), okuqukethwe kwe-vinyl acetate kungakhuphuka kuya ku-40%, izinga lokuguqulwa kwendlela eyodwa ye-reactor ngu-10% ~ 21%, isikali sokuklama somugqa owodwa esiphezulu singafinyelela ku-12.5×104t/a.

Inqubo ye-LupotechA ayikwazi nje ukukhiqiza i-resin enwetshiwe enwetshiwe enochungechunge olunamagatsha amaningi kanye nomthelela ongcono, kodwa futhi ikhiqize imikhiqizo yefilimu emincane enokusabalalisa okubanzi kwamangqamuzana.Inkomba yokuncibilika kanye nokuminyana kwemikhiqizo ye-LDPE/EVA ingalawulwa kahle ngohlelo lokulawula lwe-APC, futhi imikhiqizo efanayo ingatholwa.Ukwethulwa okuyinhloko kwasekhaya kwale nqubo yi-Sirbon petrochemical, i-Yangzi petrochemical, i-Shanghai petrochemical, njll., umthamo wedivayisi ngu-10× 104T / a.

Inqubo yeketela ye-Exxon Mobil

Inqubo yethangi le-Exxon Mobil isebenzisa i-reactor ezakhiwe yona ngokwayo engu-1.5m3 enezizoni eziningi.I-reactor ine-aspect ratio enkulu, isikhathi sokugcina isikhathi eside, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kwesiqalisi kanye nokusabalalisa kwesisindo samangqamuzana omkhiqizo omncane, okulungele ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo yefilimu emincane enekhwalithi efanayo nenqubo yeshubhu.

Isilawuli sihlukile endleleni ye-Exxon Mobil tube.Kusetshenziswa i-Isobutene noma i-n-butane, ekhushulelwa ku-25~30MPa ngepompo ye-diaphragm yokucindezela okuphezulu, ejovwe kabili endaweni yokufaka i-compressor, futhi ingena ku-reactor nge-ethylene.

Ibanga lokucindezela kwe-reactor libanzi, futhi ingcindezi enkulu yokusabela ingu-200MPa, engakhiqiza i-LDPE homopolymer ene-low melt index kanye ne-EVA copolymer enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-vinyl acetate.

Inqubo yethangi le-Exxon Mobil ingakhiqiza imikhiqizo ye-homopolymer ye-LDPE enenkomba encibilikayo engu-0.2~150g/ (10min) kanye nokuminyana kuka-0.910~0.935g/cm3.I-Melt index 0.2 ~ 450g/ (10min) okuqukethwe kwe-vinyl acetate kufika ku-35% ethylene - imikhiqizo ye-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA).Isethulo esiyinhloko sasekhaya sale nqubo yi-Lianhong Group (eyayiyiShandong Hauda), umthamo wedivayisi yi-10 × 104T / a, TRINA, umthamo wedivayisi yi-12 × 104T / a, njll.