izindaba

Imboni ye-ethylene e-China ingene kancane kancane esikhathini sokuvuthwa, okuphuma phansi komfula ikakhulukazi i-PE, i-ethylene oxide (EO), i-EG, i-SM, i-polyvinyl chloride (PVC) neminye imikhiqizo.Ngo-2020, izigaba ezinhlanu zemikhiqizo zibalelwa ku-97.2% wesamba sokusetshenziswa kwe-ethylene.Phakathi kwazo, umkhakha omkhulu osetshenziswayo yi-PE, ebalwa ngamaphesenti angama-63.5 okusetshenziswa okuphelele.Lokhu kwalandelwa yi-EO kanye ne-EG, eyabalelwa ku-10.3% no-9.0% ngokulandelana (bheka uMdwebo 2).

1 |Umkhuba wokuthuthukiswa kwe-PE: ukuncintisana kwe-homogeneity kunamandla, ukuhlukaniswa, ukuthuthukiswa okuphezulu

Imikhiqizo eyinhloko ye-PE i-linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), i-polyethylene ephansi (LDPE), i-polyethylene ephezulu (i-HDPE) izigaba ezintathu.I-PE inezinzuzo zezindleko eziphansi kanye nezakhiwo ezinhle zamakhemikhali, futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi kwezolimo, izimboni kanye nokuphila kwansuku zonke.Kusukela ngo-2016 kuya ku-2021, umthamo wokukhiqiza we-PE wasekhaya uqhubekile nokukhula, ngezinga lokukhula eliphakathi kuka-12%, nenani eliphelele lokukhiqiza lamathani ayizigidi ezingu-27.73 ngonyaka ngo-2021.

Njengamanje, imikhiqizo ye-PE e-China incike kakhulu ezintweni ezijwayelekile ezisezingeni eliphansi, futhi imikhiqizo ye-PE ephezulu ithembele kakhulu ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe, futhi kunezinkinga ezisobala zesakhiwo, okuyinsalela yemikhiqizo esezingeni eliphansi kanye nokuntuleka kwemikhiqizo ephezulu.Eminyakeni embalwa ezayo, ngokwanda okuqhubekayo komthamo wokukhiqiza we-PE wasekhaya, ukuncintisana okulinganayo kuzoba kubi kakhulu, futhi ukushintshwa kwasekhaya kwemikhiqizo ephezulu kukhulu.Uma sithatha imikhiqizo ye-metallocene polyethylene (mPE) njengesibonelo, njengamanje isidingo semakethe yasekhaya singamathani ayisigidi esi-1 ngonyaka, kanti ukukhiqizwa kwe-China ngo-2020 cishe kungamathani ayi-110,000 kuphela.Igebe elikhulu lokuhlinzeka likhuthaza inani elikhulu lemikhiqizo ye-mPE engenisiwe ukuthi ingene emakethe yaseShayina.Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi i-PE ithuthuke ekuqondeni okuphezulu nokuhlukanisa.

2 |Umkhuba wokuthuthukiswa kwe-EO wokuhlanganisa kanye nokushintsha okuguquguqukayo kwe-EO/EG

I-EO isetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni i-EG, futhi amabhizinisi amaningi asebenzisa idivayisi yokukhiqiza ngokubambisana ye-EO/EG.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-EO ingasetshenziswa futhi ku-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi, i-polyether, i-disinfection kanye nezinkambu zokuvala inzalo.

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngokuncipha kancane kancane kwenzuzo yemakethe ye-EG, amayunithi amaningi okukhiqiza ngokubambisana kwe-EO/EG aqala ukushintshela ekukhiqizweni kwe-EO, futhi acabangela ukukhishwa okuguquguqukayo kwakho kokubili, ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinzuzo zezomnotho.Umthamo wokukhiqiza we-EO uye wanda kakhulu, kodwa ukuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo engaphansi komfula kungene enkathini ye-bottleneck, futhi isenzakalo sokufana nokulingana kuyabonakala.Imikhiqizo eyinhloko, efana ne-polycarboxylic acid yokunciphisa amanzi i-monomer, i-surfactant ne-ethanolamine, ibilokhu ibhekene nesimo sokungabi namandla, ukuncintisana kwezimboni kushubile, izinga lokusebenzisa amandla liyancipha.Kulokhu, ngokuhlanganiswa kwemodeli yokuthuthukiswa komfula kanye nokwehla komfula, kuzoba ngcono kakhulu ukuthuthukisa ukuncintisana okuyinhloko kwamabhizinisi, njenge-ethylene, EO, EG, ukwakha ku-polyether monomer (njenge-polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, i-allyl polyoxyethylene ether, i-methyl i-alyl polyoxyethylene ether), i-polyoxyethylene nonionic surfactants (njenge-fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether) kanye nochungechunge lwezimboni oluphelele, Qhubeka nokwandisa umfula, izigaba zemikhiqizo ecebile.

3 |EG: ukunweba uchungechunge lwezimboni, ukwakheka komkhiqizo owelanayo

I-EG inkambu yesibili enkulu yokusetshenziswa kwe-ethylene.Kusukela ngo-2016 kuya ku-2021, ngokukhiqizwa kwamaphrojekthi amaningana amakhulu amakhemikhali amalahle kanye nemiklamo ehlanganisiwe yokucwenga kanye namakhemikhali, amandla okukhiqiza ama-EG anda unyaka nonyaka, ngenani eliphelele lokukhiqiza lamathani ayizigidi ezingu-21.452 ngonyaka ngo-2021.

Eminyakeni yamuva, umthamo we-EG uqhubekile nokukhula, kodwa isidingo esingezansi sehlile, ukugcwala ngokweqile kuzoba sobala kakhulu.Ngokombono wokuphela kokusetshenziswa, i-EG yethu isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukukhiqiza i-polyester, i-accounting ye-EG yokusetshenziswa kwesakhiwo esingaphezu kuka-90%, insimu yokusetshenziswa iyinto eyodwa uma kuqhathaniswa, kukhona uchungechunge olufushane lwemboni yezansi nomfula, isakhiwo somkhiqizo siyefana, ukuncintisana kwamanani aphansi. izinkinga ezinkulu.

Ngokuzayo, kufanele sikhulise ukusetshenziswa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwe-polyester resin engasetshenzisiwe, amafutha okugcoba, i-plasticizer, i-non-ionic surfactant, i-coating, inki nezinye izimboni ngokusebenzisa ukunwetshwa kweketango lezimboni, kancane kancane siguqule isimo sokusetshenziswa okukodwa, yakha uchungechunge lwezimboni kusukela ekukhiqizeni kuya ekusetshenzisweni, ukuthuthukisa inani elengeziwe lemikhiqizo, ukuze kwehliswe ubungozi bemakethe.

4 |Amathrendi e-SM: umthamo obalulekile wokunwetshwa, ukuzinza kwemboni engezansi

Umfula ongezansi we-SM usetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukukhiqizwa kwama-styrene polymers nama-polymers e-ionic ahlukahlukene, njenge-polystyrene evuthayo (EPS), i-polystyrene (PS), i-acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymer (ABS), i-polyester resin engagcwele (UPR), irabha ye-styrene. (SBR), i-styrene copolymer (SBC) neminye imikhiqizo.Phakathi kwazo, i-EPS, i-PS kanye ne-ABS i-akhawunti engaphezu kuka-70% yokusetshenziswa kwe-SM e-China, futhi imikhiqizo yabo isetshenziswa kakhulu ezintweni zasendlini, izinto zikagesi, izimoto, izindlu kanye nezinye izimboni.

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngokukhiqizwa kwamayunithi amakhulu e-SM asekela umfula wokucwenga nokuhlanganiswa kwamakhemikhali e-China kanye nokwanda kwamaphrojekthi wokukhiqiza we-propylene oxide/styrene monomer (PO/SM), amandla okukhiqiza ama-SM abonise ukukhula okuqhubekayo. .Kusukela ngo-2020 kuya ku-2022, amandla okukhiqiza e-SM abone ukukhula okusheshayo, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ekupheleni kuka-2022, umthamo wokukhiqiza uzodlula amathani ayizigidi ezingu-20 ngonyaka.Ngokuqhubeka nokudedelwa kwamandla, iphethini yokuhlinzekwa kwezidingongqangi zasekhaya kanye nokufunwa kwayo kube nokuguquguquka okukhulu, okuthengisiwe kwamanye amazwe kwehla kakhulu kanye nenani elincane lensalela yokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe.Njengoba amandla amasha okukhiqiza e-SM makhulu kunalawo e-benzene emsulwa ngo-2021, i-benzene engavuthiwe isesimweni sokushoda, okucindezela ngokwengeziwe inzuzo yokukhiqiza ye-SM.Ngokombono wokusetshenziswa, phakathi kwezimakethe ezintathu ezansi nomfula, imboni ye-ABS kuphela egcina izinga eliphezulu lokusebenza, okwenza kube nzima ukugaya ukukhuphuka kokunikezwa okulethwe umthamo wokukhiqiza omusha we-SM.Ngenxa yalokho, i-SM ithintwa ukungqubuzana phakathi kokuhlinzeka nokufunwa kanye nokwesekwa kwezindleko, futhi isimo semakethe sibonisa inkambiso eshintshashintshayo.Ekugcineni, “umnotho wasekhaya” obangelwe ubhubhane lwe-COVID-19 ukhuphule ukuthengiswa kwezinto ezincane zasendlini.Ngasikhathi sinye, isimo sobhubhane sisanzima phesheya, futhi ukuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo yokuvimbela ubhubhane kanye nezinye izinto zikagesi zasendlini kudlula obekulindelekile, okuqhubekisele phambili ukukhula kwesidingo sochungechunge lwezimboni ze-SM futhi kwathuthukisa inzuzo kakhulu.

5 |Umkhuba wokuthuthukiswa kwe-PVC: ikhwalithi nokuvikelwa kwemvelo kuyahambisana

I-PVC iyinto yokuqala yomhlaba wonke yokwenziwa kweresin ezweni lethu.Ngokusebenza kwayo okuvelele kanye nesilinganiso samanani, isetshenziswa kabanzi emikhiqizweni yezezimboni neyokuphila kwansuku zonke, enokumelana okuhle kakhulu nokugqokwa, i-flame retardant, ukumelana nokugqwala kwamakhemikhali kanye nezici zokufakwa kukagesi.Ukukhiqizwa kwe-PVC ngokuyinhloko kunezinhlobo ezimbili zenqubo yokulungiselela, enye i-calcium carbide indlela, ukukhiqizwa okuyinhloko kwezinto zokusetshenziswa yi-calcium carbide, amalahle nosawoti oluhlaza.E-China, elinganiselwe ngezinsiza zamalahle acebile, uwoyela ongenamafutha kanye negesi encane, indlela ye-calcium carbide iyindlela eyinhloko.Enqubweni yokukhiqiza, inani elikhulu lemithombo yamanzi ahlanzekile liyasetshenziswa, futhi kunezingqinamba ezifana nokusetshenziswa okuphezulu kwamandla kanye nokungcola.Okwesibili, inqubo ethylene, impahla eluhlaza main kuyinto petroleum.Imakethe yamazwe ngamazwe ngokuyinhloko inqubo ye-ethylene, enekhwalithi yomkhiqizo omuhle kakhulu, ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo okwengeziwe, njll., inamandla okushintsha inqubo ye-calcium carbide esikhathini esizayo.

I-China ingumkhiqizi omkhulu wePVC emhlabeni, kodwa futhi ingumthengi omkhulu, imakethe yasekhaya isesimweni sokugcwala ngokweqile.Ekusetshenzisweni kwamanje kwepulasitiki yomhlaba wonke esikhundleni sensimbi, ipulasitiki esikhundleni sesu lezinkuni, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo yamaminerali nezinkuni ngaphansi kwesizinda, i-PVC resin isizuze ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu, imakethe yesicelo ephansi iyaqhubeka nokwandisa, kumaphrofayili epulasitiki, ukumpontshelwa igazi lezokwelapha. amashubhu, izikhwama zokumpontshelwa igazi, izimoto, izinto ezikhihliza amagwebu nezinye izinkambu zomkhiqizo zisetshenziswa kakhulu.Ngokusheshisa inqubo yokufudukela emadolobheni yaseShayina kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezimo zokuhlala zabahlali, okulindelwe kanye nezimfuneko zomphakathi zokuvikelwa kwemvelo ziye zaphakanyiswa njalo.Indawo engezansi yemboni ye-PVC ingene esigabeni sokuncintisana okukhulu phakathi kwekhwalithi nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, futhi insimu yesicelo iye yandiswa ngokuqhubekayo futhi umkhuba wokuthuthukiswa okuhlukahlukene uyabonakala.

6 |okunye ukuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo |

Eminye imikhiqizo ye-ethylene ezansi nomfula, njenge-ethylene - i-vinyl acetate, i-polyvinyl alcohol, i-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), i-ethylene - i-vinyl alcohol copolymer ne-ethylene - i-acrylic acid copolymer, i-epdm, njll., i-akhawunti yamanje yamancane uma kuqhathaniswa, ithemba lesicelo of ozinzile kuqhathaniswa, isicelo samanje ngokucijile ukwandisa ithemba awukwazi ukubona, futhi awukwazi ukubona sithathelwe indawo inombolo enkulu izinsongo.Imikhiqizo yasekhaya ye-polyolefin ephezulu ngokuvamile inqunyelwe izithiyo zobuchwepheshe zangaphandle, njenge-ethylene-α-olefin (1-butene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, njll.) i-copolymer, ubuchwepheshe basekhaya abuvuthwa, kunesikhala esikhulu. okwentuthuko.Imikhiqizo eminingi engaphansi komfula i-ethylene ihambisana nesiqondiso sokuthuthukiswa komphakathi nezomnotho kanye nezidingo zokuthuthukiswa kokusetshenziswa.Isibonelo, ngaphansi kwesizinda se-carbon peak kanye ne-carbon neutrality, imboni ye-photovoltaic ingena emgwaqeni wokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo, isidingo sezinto ze-EVA photovoltaic sizokhula ngesivinini esikhulu, futhi intengo yemakethe ye-ethylene acetate izoqhubeka nokusebenza ezingeni eliphezulu. .

Kulindeleke ukuthi ngo-2025, amandla okukhiqiza e-ethylene e-China adlule amathani ayizigidi ezingu-70 ngonyaka, okuzohlangabezana nesidingo sasekhaya, futhi kungase kube nensalela.Ngaphansi kwethonya lenqubomgomo kazwelonke “yokulawula okukabili” ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla, imboni yamakhemikhali amalahle kanye nemboni ye-petrochemical izobhekana novivinyo olunzima ngesikhathi soHlelo Lweminyaka Eyi-14 Lweminyaka Emihlanu, okuzodala ukungaqiniseki okukhulu kuphrojekthi ye-ethylene kusetshenziswa imithombo yezinto ezimbiwa phansi njengeluhlaza. izinto zokwakha.Esimeni sokunyuka kwe-carbon peaking kanye nokungathathi hlangothi kwe-carbon, amabhizinisi ayalulekwa ukuthi akucabangele ngokugcwele ukuncishiswa kanye nokufakwa esikhundleni sokukhishwa kwekhabhoni lapho ehlela amaphrojekthi anjalo, esikhundleni samandla ensalela yezinto ezimbiwa phansi afake amandla avuselelekayo kanye nogesi ohlanzekile, asuse ngenkuthalo amandla okukhiqiza abuyela emuva futhi anciphise umthamo oweqile, futhi akhuthaze. uguquko kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni.

I-ethylene ne-hydrogen ekhiqizwe iphrojekthi yokuqhekeka kwe-ethane ku-ethylene yizinto zokusetshenziswa ezibalulekile ezidingekayo emakethe yasekhaya, ngamathemba amakhulu entuthuko kanye nenzuzo eqinile.Kuncike kakhulu ekuthengeni kwamanye amazwe, izinsiza ze-ethane yasekhaya, nokho, kunemithombo eyodwa yezinto ezingavuthiwe, izinsiza ezinikezelwe, ubunzima bezokuthutha olwandle, njengengozi “yabo”, iphakamisa iKhomishini Kazwelonke Yokuthuthukiswa Nezinguquko kanye neminye iminyango yezimboni ukuqinisa isiqondiso sokuhlela. , ibhizinisi lihlangana nesimo salo sangempela, lenza ukufezeka kwephrojekthi, gwema ukuqagela “kokusetha, ukuhlakazwa kwesiphithiphithi”.

I-Ethylene ezansi nomfula ikakhulukazi okuphuma esiphethweni esiphezulu, izongenisa isikhala esikhulu semakethe.Okufana ne-mPE, i-ethylene-α-olefin copolymer, i-ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, i-high carbon alcohol, i-cyclic olefin polymer neminye imikhiqizo izogxila emakethe.Ngokuzayo, amaphrojekthi amasha afana nokucwenga nokuhlanganiswa kwamakhemikhali, i-CTO/MTO, kanye nokuqhekeka kwe-ethane kuzohlinzeka ngezinto zokusetshenziswa kwe-ethylene ezanele ukuze kusheshiswe ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni ye-ethylene ezansi nomfula ukuze kuqondiswe "ukuhluka, ukuphela okuphezulu nokusebenzayo".