Izinto zocingo nezekhebula zingahlukaniswa zibe izinto eziqhutshwayo, izinto zokuvikela, izinto zokuzivikela, izinto zokuvikela, izinto zokugcwalisa nokunye ngokusho kwezingxenye zabo kanye nemisebenzi.Ngokwezakhiwo ezibonakalayo, ingahlukaniswa ngensimbi (ithusi, i-aluminium, i-aluminium alloy, insimbi), ipulasitiki (PVC, PE, PP, XLPE/XL-PVC, PU, ​​TPE/PO), irabha, njll. Kodwa abanye zalezi zinto zivamile ezakhiweni eziningana.Ikakhulukazi izinto ze-thermoplastic, ezifana ne-polyvinyl chloride, i-polyethylene, inqobo nje uma ukuguqulwa kwengxenye yefomula kungasetshenziswa ekufakeni noma emgodleni.

Okulandelayo, sethula izintambo ezivamile ezingezona ezensimbi nezinto zokusetshenziswa kwekhebula

Eyodwa, i-polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

I-PVC ngokuvamile isetshenziswa njenge-insulation kanye nezinto zokuzivikela.I-PVC njengokusebenza kocingo nokufakwa kwekhebula: akulula ukushisa, ukumelana nokuguga, ukumelana nowoyela, ukumelana namakhemikhali, ukumelana nomthelela, imibala elula;Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokungaguquguquki okukhulu kwe-dielectric, ngokuvamile isetshenziswa kuphela njengempahla yokufaka ikhebula le-low-voltage kanye nekhebula lokulawula.

I-PVC njengocingo kanye nokusebenza kwe-cable sheath: ngokumelana okuhle kokugqoka, ukumelana nowoyela, i-asidi, i-alkali, amabhaktheriya, umswakama nokukhanya kwelanga, futhi isenzo somlilo sinokusebenza kokuzicisha;I-PVC sheath inezinga lokushisa elincane lokusebenza elingu--40 ° C kanye nokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kwe-105 ° C.

Okwesibili, i-polyethylene (PE)

Izakhiwo ezijwayelekile ze-PE: i-waxy emhlophe, i-translucent, ithambile futhi iqinile, ikwazi ukwelula kancane, ilula kunamanzi, ayinabo ubuthi;Izici ezivuthayo: ezivuthayo, kusukela emlilweni ukuze uqhubeke uvutha, umkhawulo ongaphezulu welangabi uphuzi futhi umkhawulo ongezansi uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ukuncibilika okuconsayo lapho kusha, kukhiphe iphunga lokuvutha kukapharafini;Ibanga lephoyinti lokuncibilika le-polyethylene lingu-132 ~ 1350C, izinga lokushisa lomlilo lingu-3400C, izinga lokushisa elizenzekelayo lingu-3900C.

I-Polyethylene (PE) ngokuvamile ihlukaniswe ngezigaba eziningana ze-LDPE, MDPE, HDPE, FMPE.

I-1, i-LDPE: i-polyethylene esezingeni eliphansi ingenye yochungechunge olulula kakhulu lwe-polyethylene, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-polyethylene enengcindezi ephansi, izici zesakhiwo azikona umugqa, ine-crystallinity ephansi nendawo yokuthambisa, inokuguquguquka okungcono, ukunwetshwa, ukwahlukanisa ugesi, ukukhanya, kanye amandla omthelela aphezulu.I-polyethylene ye-low density inamandla ampofu emishini, ukumelana nokushisa okuphansi futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuthakathaka obusobala ukumelana kabi nokuqhekeka kokucindezeleka kwemvelo.

2, MDPE: medium density polyethylene, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-polyethylene medium pressure kanye Philip polyethylene, ukusebenza kwayo kanye high density polyethylene isigaba nuo, ifektri ayisasetshenziswa, hhayi okuningiliziwe lapha.

I-3, i-HDPE, i-polyethylene e-high density ene-polyethylene ephansi, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-polyethylene ephezulu, inokusebenza okuhle kakhulu okubanzi, okuthuthukisiwe ukumelana nokushisa namandla emishini, njengobude obuqinile, amandla okugoba, amandla okucindezela namandla okugunda), kanye ithuthukise umusi wamanzi kanye nezindawo zokuvimbela igesi, ukumelana nokuqhekeka kokucindezeleka kwemvelo kuphakeme.

I-4, i-FMPE: I-PE enegwebu iyinto esetshenziswa kakhulu yegwebu, isebenzisa i-polyethylene enegwebu yamakhemikhali, i-dielectric njalo ingancishiswa ibe ngu-1.55.Uma ubuchwepheshe obusha bokuthatha amagwebu ngokomzimba, okungukuthi, lapho extrusion ukuze igesi inert (nitrogen noma emoyeni) ku encibilikisiwe polyethylene Foam, usayizi omncane Bubbles ingatholakala kusukela polyethylene Foam, Foaming degree ingalawulwa phakathi 35-40. %, ngaphezu kuka-40% we-Zhui, ukungaguquguquki kwayo kwe-dielectric kungancishiswa ku-1.20 noma ngaphezulu, futhi ngenxa yokuthi ayisebenzisi i-ejenti egwebu amakhemikhali, I-insulation ayiqukethe izinsalela ze-ejenti egwebukile, futhi ukulahlekelwa kwe-dielectric kungancishiswa kakhulu, okufinyelele izinga lokufakwa komoya.

I-Polyethylene inokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokufakwa kukagesi futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi ekufakeni amakhebula okuxhumana.Ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinkomba zobuchwepheshe nezomnotho zezintambo zokuxhumana, i-foam polyethylene ivame ukusetshenziswa.Ukuze uthuthukise ukusebenza kokuqhekeka kokucindezeleka kwemvelo, ngaphezu kokusebenzisa i-XPE, ungakhetha futhi inkomba yokuncibilika ye-PE encane.Ngokuvamile, isisindo samangqamuzana sincane (ukuphakama kwenkomba yokuncibilika), kubi nakakhulu ukumelana nokucindezeleka kwemvelo.Inkomba yokuncibilika engaphansi kuka-0.4 ingagwema ngokuyisisekelo ukuqhekeka kokucindezeleka kwemvelo.Ukuminyana kuka-0.950, inkomba yokuncibilika yezinhlobonhlobo ezincane, ukumelana kakhulu nokuqhekeka kwengcindezi yemvelo.Uma ukuminyana kungaphezu kuka-0.95, ukumelana nokucindezeleka kwemvelo kubi kakhulu, kodwa ukuminyana okuphansi okunenkomba efanayo yokuncibilika kungcono kakhulu.Kodwa-ke, ukubumba kwe-HDPE kuvame ukuba nengcindezi yangaphakathi esele, okufanele inakwe ngesikhathi sokusebenzisa.

Ukuxuba i-PE ne-EVA ngengxenye ethile kungathuthukisa ukuqhekeka kokucindezeleka kwemvelo;Ihlanganiswe ne-PP ingathuthukisa ubulukhuni;Ihlanganiswe ne-PE yobuningi obuhlukahlukene, ingalungisa ukuthamba kwayo nobulukhuni.

I-Ethylene - i-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA)

I-EVA iwuhlobo lwe-thermoplastic ene-elastic efana ne-nuo rubber, ukusebenza kwayo kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-vinyl acetate (VA) kunobudlelwane obuhle: i-VA encane ifana ne-polyethylene ephezulu, futhi i-VA ifana kakhulu nerabha.I-EVA nuo high pressure polyethylene enokuqukethwe kwe-VA ephansi, amandla athambile futhi amahle omthelela, alungele ukukhiqiza izinto eziyinhlanganisela.

I-EVA inokunwebeka okuhle nokuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi, ukumelana namakhemikhali, ukumelana nesimo sezulu, kanye ne-LDPE copolymerization, ingathuthukisa ukumelana nokuqhekeka kwemvelo kwe-LDPE, ukumelana komthelela, ubulukhuni nokunamathela phakathi komqhubi nokufakwa.

I-Tetrapolypropylene (PP)

Amandla adonsela phansi athile e-polypropylene ngu-0.89 kuya ku-0.91, okuyiwona amancane kakhulu kumapulasitiki avamile.Inamandla amahle kakhulu emishini, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu elithambisayo ku-resin ye-thermoplastic, kanye nokumelana okuhle kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi nokumelana nokuguga.Ukumelana nokujikeleza kwe-optical kuphela okumpofu kancane, kodwa kungathuthukiswa nge-copolymerization enezinza.

Izakhiwo ezijwayelekile ze-polypropylene: UKUBUKA kwe-PP kufana kakhulu ne-HDPE, iyingcina emhlophe eqinile, esobala kakhulu kune-PE, engenabuthi, evuthayo futhi izoqhubeka ivutha ngemva komlilo, futhi ikhulule iphunga le-petroleum nuo.

Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-polyethylene, i-polypropylene inezici ezilandelayo ezihlukene:

I-1, ubulukhuni bobuso be-PP buphakeme kune-PE, ukumelana nokugqoka kanye nekhono lokugoba lokugoba kuhle kakhulu, ngakho-ke i-PP yaziwa ngokuthi "ipulasitiki yamandla aphezulu aphansi".

I-2, i-PP ingcono kune-PE enye inzuzo cishe akukho mkhuba wokuqhekeka kokucindezeleka kwemvelo, i-PP inokumelana okuhle kakhulu nokuqhekeka kokucindezeleka kwemvelo.Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokujwayelekile okuphezulu kwesakhiwo samangqamuzana e-PP, ukusebenza kwawo komthelela ekamelweni lokushisa kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphansi kubi kakhulu.

I-3, ukusebenza kokufakwa kukagesi kagesi kwe-PP: I-PP yinto engeyona i-polar, ngakho-ke kukhona ukufakwa kahle kukagesi.

I-insulation yayo kagesi ifana ngokuyisisekelo ne-LDPE, futhi ayishintshi ebangeni elibanzi lefrikhwensi.Ngenxa yokuminyana kwayo okuphansi kakhulu, ukungaguquguquki kwe-dielectric kuncane kune-LDPE (ε = 2.0 ~ 2.5), ukulahlekelwa kwe-dielectric I-angle tangent ingu-0.0005 ~0.001, ukumelana nevolumu ye-1014 ω.M, amandla enkambu yokuwohloka nawo aphezulu kakhulu, 30MV/m;Ukwengeza, ukumuncwa kwamanzi kuncane kakhulu, ngakho-ke i-PP ingasetshenziswa njengempahla yokufaka imvamisa ephezulu.

Izinto ezinhlanu ze-polyester

Lolu hlobo lwezinto ezibonakalayo lubonakala nge-modulus ephezulu, ukumelana nezinyembezi eziphakeme, ukumelana nokugqoka okuphezulu, ukunwebeka okuphezulu kanye ne-lag ephansi, umkhawulo ongaphezulu wokushisa osebenzayo ngu-1500C, kakhulu kunenye irabha ye-thermoplastic, kodwa futhi inokumelana okuhle kakhulu kawoyela, ukumelana ne-solvent. izici.